成人高考英语试题分析——定语从句解析及示例

　　成人高考英语虽说难度比不上全日制英语四级难度，但是英语这门科目考试涉及的句子中定语从句占绝大多数，考生若是能掌握这个句型，很多时候就可以一眼筛选出答案。那么成考英语中的定语从句是什么？今天一起来了解下。

　　（1）定语从句的分类

　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充和解释说明作用。通常限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

　　2）定语从句的关系代词和关系副词

　　定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词有：Who,whom, Whose, which,that,as;关系副词有：When,Where,why。关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句的先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分

　　由于连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，而连接词 Whether和if（是否），在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用

　　（3）关系代词和关系副词的用法

　　①当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；

　　②当先行词为物或整个句子时用 which,可作主语或宾语

　　③先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语

　　（4）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

　　①限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。例如：I was the only person in our office who was invited（去掉定语从句，句意就不完整）

　　②非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。例如： Hismovie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.（去掉定语从句，主句的意思仍完整）

　　（5）使用定语从句时需注意的几个问题

　　①用that而不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词all,anything, nothing,much…；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。例如

　　Thereis nothing that can prevent him from doing it.

　　Thefirst place that they visited in Guilin was Lijingo.

　　Thisis the best coffee maker that I have ever been made

　　MrSmith is the only foreigner teacher that he knows

　　②用which而不用that情况：引导非限制性定语从句；指代整个主句

　　的意思；用于介词的后面+关系代词。例如：Chan's restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run， is now a successful business For many cities in the world， there is no room to spread our further, of which New York is anexample

　　③关系代词as的用法

　　A.当现行词为 the same+名词，such+名词时，要用关系代词as引导定语从句，例如

　　I wantto buy the same shirt as yours.

　　Suchmachines as are used in our workshop are made in Germany

　　b.as可指代主包的内容，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前

　　也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型： as is known to all, as is said,as is reported, as is announced, aswe all know, as I expect等： He got the first place againin this mid-term examination as we expected

　　C.as引导非限制性定语从句时与 Which的区别

　　主句和从句语义一致时，用as引导；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句；当非限制定语从句为否定意义时，常用 which引导。例如

　　He made a long speech as we expected。

　　He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

　　④关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。例如：

　　Theman who lives downstairs makes it a rule to run in the park in the morning。

　　⑤引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+ which"来代替。例如

　　October1, 1949 was the day on which （ when）the new China was founded

　　⑥在介词+关系代词结构中，关系代词只能用which和whom，

　　且不能省略；如果介词在句末，关系代词可用 Which,that,Whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。例如：

　　The man（ whom/ who/that） you were talking about is proves to be friendly

　　1.状语从句与其它相似结构的辨析

　　①it is/was+被强调的时间状语+that+其它句子成分，其特点是去掉It is/was和that原句仍然成立。例如。 It was at midnmight-that we got home。

　　②It is/Was+时间+When/ before+从句表示“当…发生时，时间是…例如

　　It was late evening when the doctor arrived

　　③ It will be/was+时间段+ before+句子，表示“要过…才会发生某事或过了…发生了某事。例如：It will be years before we find a cure for cancer。

　　④it is/ has been+ since+句子，表示“自从…以来，时间过了…

　　例如

　　It's three years since I last saw her

　　2.分隔定语从句

　　有时，定语从句不紧跟先行词之后，中间被—个插入语、状语、定语或谓语隔开。例如

　　There is an expression in his eyes that I can ' t understand

　　For these football fans, it was an exciting moment this year, when for the firsttime in years their team won the world cup。

　　Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house to borrow anecklace?

　　The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that farawayvillage

　　Let's go into the restaurant across the street where you can sit down.

　　3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

　　在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词作某种句子成分，定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而在同位语从句中，从对前面的抽象名词起补充和解释作用，连接词不在从句中充当句子成分。例如

　　We heard the news that our school team had won the game.（同位语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分）

　　The news that he told me yesterday proves true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语）

　　The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.（定语从句，that在从句中作 offered的宾语）

　　She is worried about the possibility that she might lose her job。（同位语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分）

　　4.定语从句与名词性从句的辨析

　　①与主语从句的辨析

　　As is known to all, the natural resources are reducing day by day. （非限制性定语从句）

　　It is known to all that the natural resources are reducing day by day.（主语从句）

　　What is known to all is that the natural resources are reducing day by day.

　　1.He found it increasingly difficult to read ，___his eyesight was beginning to fall

　　A.though

　　B.for

　　C.but

　　Dso

　　答案介词：前句代表一个记过，而后句表示原因，因此应填for，连词for连接的并列句总是放在后面。最佳答案为B。

　　2.Stand over there，___ you'll be able to see the oil painting better.

　　A.but B. till C.and D.or

　　答案解析∶句首的祈使句和第二个分句的时态暗示空臼处应填and,构成祈使句+and+并列句"结构。并列句表示条件，而and后的并列句表示结果。最佳答案为C。

　　3.___the Internet is of great help,I don' t think it's a good idea to spend too muchtime on it

　　A. itB while C. Because D. As

　　答案解析：句意为：“虽然因特网非常有用，但是我认为上网花费时间太多不是好事。连词 While表示“虽然，尽管”，连接让步状语从句，最佳答案为B

　　4.You'd better not leave the medicine ___ kids can get at it

　　A.even if B Which C where D. so that

　　答案解析：句意为：“你最好不要把药品放在孩子们能拿到的地方”，空白处之前为主句，之后为状语从句，表示地点，因此应选连接词 where,最佳答案为C

　　5.The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt___ the season。

　　A. whateverB. wherever C. whenever D. however

　　答案解析：句中含有让步状语从句 whatever the season is,其中is被省略。句意为：“无论什么季节那个律师总是穿牛仔裤和短袖汗衫”。最佳答案为A

　　6.When asked they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important andloved

　　A.What B. why C Whom D Which

　　答案解析：asked之后跟一个宾语从句，从中的needed缺少宾语，因此空白处应填what,最佳答案为A

　　7.The last time we had great fun was___ wewere visiting the Water Park

　　A.Where B how C When D why

　　答案解析：从空白处到句末为表语从句，从句中主语、谓语、宾语齐全，但缺状语。结合句意“上次我们开心是当我们去水上乐园的时候”，因此选when,最佳答案为C。

　　8.It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life。

　　A.if B. because C. When D. that

　　答案解析：it为形式主语，代替的是主语从句，因从句中句子成分完整，句子意义明确，因此应用that连接，最佳答案为D。

　　9.We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the ruralareas.

　　A. Which B Whose C.in which D with which

　　答案解析：句意为：“我们经历了一段时期，那时在农村通讯非常困难”。空白后为定语从句，句中为主系表结构，因此先行词a period只能作状语，表示时间，因此应选介词+关系代词 in which,相当于when,最佳答案为C